BENINCASA HISPIDA ? “BRIHATPHALA” – A REVIEW
by admin on Apr.07, 2011, under Botany
Benincasa hispida – “Brihatphala” – A Review
Introduction:
The classification name was since to it by important Italian botanist, Gaetano Savi,in 1818 to honour Giuseppe Benincasa, an Italian enthusiast of botany. He called a plant as Benincasa cerifera ” polish bearing”. Hispida equates to ” severe hairy”as total tools of plant contains severe hair.13
Vernacular names:
Synonyms : Benincasa cerifera, Cucurbita hispida
Sanskrit : Kushmanda,Brihatphala, Karkotika, Kumbhaphal, Somayashtika
English : Ash gourd, winter melon, juvenile pumpkin, polish gourd, white gourd
Marathi : Kohla
Hindi : Petha, Raksa
Kannada : Budhikumbala
Malayalam : Kum palam
Tamil : Pusanikka
Telgu : Budidajummea
Tulu : Karkumbuda
Gujarati : Kolu
Assamese : Komara
Nepal : Kubindo
French : Courgette velue
German : Wintermelone
Japanese : Togan
Korean : Donggwa
Arab : Muhadba
Malaysia : Kumbalam
In Nature :
Plant substantially a local of Malaysia, yet is right away found via tropics. It is artistic for a fruits via a solid of India, Burma as good as Ceylan, as good as upon mountainous country upto 4000ft. It is really good good known unfeeling in India, China, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam as good as elsewhere in Asia14. In plains seeds have been sown during Feb- March as good as upon mountainous country in Mar- May.
Propagation as good as civilised world :
Varieties : ‘ Co 2′ is a tall agreeable expelled from Tamil Nadu. It bears tiny fruits weighing 3 kg.
Cultivation :
Crop can be grown in plains in late winter by taking advantage of polyhouse technology. It involves raising a seedlings during Dec- January in tiny polythene bags. Seedlings carrying 3-4 loyal leaves should be transplanted in a pits in 1st week of February when risk of ice is over. About 1,150 – 1,350 seedlings have been compulsory for planting 0.405 pester land. Improved varieties ‘Co 1′ & ‘Co 2′ have been befitting for blurb civilised world . By taking advantage of this technique a fruits can be taken 1- 1 ½ mth in allege than normal process of approach seed sowing in field.
The best heat when flourishing is 73 -820F as good as assuage rainfall yet no hot, wet tropics. It requires prolonged flourishing deteriorate of 5 months to rise to maturity, yet they can be harvested during opposite juvenile stages. Wax gourd have been dry weather tolerant. Where vast fruits have been longed for they have been grown upon prosaic drift differently they have been authorised to stand upon fences.
Cultivated mostly in uttar Pradesh, Punjab, rajasthan, as good as bihar
Parts used :
Seeds, fruits as good as ripened offspring juice
Macroscopic :
Ash gourd or White gourd melon is a vast trailing gourd rock climbing by equates to of
tendrils 10. It stretch over belligerent or stand similar to pumpkin.
Stems : Thick, furrowed as good as hairy
Leaves : vast as good as hispid underneath as good as severe to touch
Flowers : yellow, unisexual with masculine peduncle 7.5-10cm prolonged as good as womanlike peduncle
shorter.
Fruits : In juvenile fruits a skin colour can be of assorted shades from light or dim juvenile to purple blue depending upon a variety. The strength is white as good as a ripened offspring is coverd with smooth hairs. The grown up a singular have been celebrated with particular slick layer. This is protecting covering for that it can be stored for longer period. They change in figure from indeed spherical, to turn with flattened ends or only similar to ‘Chinese sham shape’ . Broadly cylindric, 30-45cm long, full of hair via 10 weighing around 11- 45 kg as good as a smallest a singular around 2.2- 4.5 kg as good as thirty – 38 cm long
Microscopic :
Mature ripened offspring shows cuticularised epicarp consisting of singular layered, squarish or
slightly tangentially elongated cells of epidermis, outdoor tangential walls of epidermis
thickened as good as cuticularised; a couple of epidermal cells order periclinically as good as turn 2 or 3
layered; mesocarp has a heterogenous make up consisting of multilayered hypodermis
composed of tangentially elongated, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells; immediately
within this is a section of thick-walled, multilayered, lignified sclereids with a outdoor one
to 3 layers thicker than a middle 2 to 6 or some-more layers; underneath this zone, skinny walled
tangentially elongated, parenchymatous cells present, their distance gradually
increasing from those during periphery to those inside of mesocarp, a latter becoming
circular carrying celebrated intercellular spaces; vascular bundles feeble developed,
bicollateral, found sparse via mesocarp.
Powder – Dirty brown; shows countless fragments of thin-walled, tangentially elongated
and round parenchymatous cells, countless sclereids in groups as good as singles as good as a few
fragments of xylem vessels carrying turn thickenings.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter - Not some-more than 1 per cent
Total Ash - Not some-more than twelve per cent
Acid-insoluble ash - Not some-more than 1 per cent
Alcohol-soluble extractive- Not reduction than 10 per cent
Water-soluble extractive - Not reduction than twenty-four per cent
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic remove upon Silica jelly ‘G’ image regulating Benzene: Ethylacetate
(9:1) shows underneath U.V. (366nm) dual fluorescent zones during Rf. 0.71 as good as 0.79 (both violet).
On bearing to Iodine effluvium 8 spots crop up during Rf. 0.07, 0.18, 0.28, 0.40, 0.50, 0.59,
0.71 as good as 0.79 (all yellow). On spraying with Vanillin-Sulphuric poison reagent as good as heating
the image during 105°C for 10 notation 6 spots crop up during Rf. 0.07, 0.18, 0.40, 0.50, 071 and
0.79 (all violet).
Phytochemistry :
Major devalue identified are:
(E) – 2- hexenal, n – hexenal, n- hexyl formate is absolute juvenile fruity, sharp odour
n- hexenal is powerful, perspicacious greasy green, grassy smell as good as n- hexyl formate is strongly penetrating, ethered fruity odour. It contains 0.5gm glucose & 0.5 gm fructose/ 100gm yet no sucrose. However, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylprazine, 2-methylpyrazine, as good as 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine were a vital compounds in a polish gourd beverage.
Roots – Pentacyclic triterpene, bryonolic acid
Fruits – Lupeol, β- sitosterol & their acetates, cucurbitin, rhamnose, mannitol, triacontenol, alkakali,fat,vitamin,glucose, adenine, trigonelline, histedine. The slick covering of ripened offspring contains pentacyclic triterpene isomultiflorenol acetate. The aroma of ripened offspring & libation differs since former contains hexanal devalue & latter pyrazine compound.
Seeds – 24z – ethylidene cholesterol- 7 enol (avenasterol ) & twenty-four β- ethyl cholesterol – 7,25 dienol. Cucurbita 5,24 – dienol is removed from a leaves, stems, pericarp & roots.
Triterpene alcohols, euphol, tirucallol, cycloartenol, taraxerol, α & β- amyrin, butyrospermol, isomultiflorenol, twenty-four – methylene cycloartanol, multiflorenol
Pharmacological/biological activities :
• Anti-Ulcer: Extracts of Benincasa hispida forestall growth of initial ulcers: Used in Ayurveda for peptic ulcers, a investigate showed extracts of BH might be a healthy drug with anti-ulcer activity.13
• Anti-angiogenic Effect: Study showed a seed remove of Bh decreased bFGF-induced endothelial dungeon proliferation as good as blood vessel arrangement in a dose-dependent manner. It showed no cytotoxicity as good as showed manly inhibitory outcome upon bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Seed remove of BH supports a anti-angiogenic skill by predicament of endothelial dungeon proliferation.
• Gastroprotective / Anti-Ulcer / Antioxidant: (1) Study formula were allied with a omeprazole treated with colour with colour group. Study indicate BH retain poignant antiulcer as good as good as antioxidant property. (2) Study showed diminution in ulcer index in animals treated with colour with colour with ripened offspring remove of Bh. BH has been shown to enclose active beliefs – terpenes, flavanoid C, glycosides as good as sterols that have antioxidant effects, substantially assisting stop gastric mucosal repairs by scavenging giveaway radicals as good as repressing prolongation of superoxide dismutase.
• Bronchodilator Effect: EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BENINCASA HISPIDA AGAINST HISTAMINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM IN GUINEA PIGS: The ME of BH showed glorious insurance opposite histamine-induced bronchospasm substantially by an antihistamin activty (H1 receptor-antagonism).
• Opioid Withdrawal Benefit: Study showed a extract of Bh showed poignant wake up opposite symptoms of hypnotic withdrawal. Results indicate a intensity for Bh in preventing a growth of hypnotic obsession as good as termination of opioid withdrawal in animals.
• Antinociceptive /
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:Benincasa, Brihatphala, hispida, review